Sensitive teeth: the symptoms & causes

Sensitive teeth: the symptoms & causes

Tooth sensitivity is common – it’s thought that around 50% of people suffer from sensitive teeth at some point.

That sudden pain when enjoying a hot cuppa, or when biting into something cold, is not something to ignore.

And while it may come and go, there’s usually a reason behind tooth sensitivity. In many cases, it links to changes in the tooth surface or gums that expose the more sensitive inner tooth layer.

Symptoms of sensitive teeth

If you have sensitive teeth, you’ll typically feel a sudden, sharp pain or discomfort. This usually happens when:

• You eat or drink something hot, cold, sweet or acidic.
• You brush or floss your teeth.
• Cold air hits your teeth.

This happens because the protective outer layer of the tooth is no longer doing its job fully. Underneath the enamel is a substance called dentine. This contains tiny channels called dentine tubules. These connect directly to the nerve of the tooth.

When dentine becomes exposed, the tubules mean temperature and pressure changes reach the nerve more easily. This is what causes the sharp, sudden sensation.

The pain usually comes and goes without warning. It might feel mild one day and stronger the next. It can affect one tooth or several. Sound familiar? Speak to your dentist and find out the cause.

Causes of sensitive teeth

There are several reasons why teeth become sensitive. In most cases, it comes down to enamel wear, gum changes or underlying dental problems.

Enamel wear

Enamel is the hard outer layer of your teeth. Once it wears down, it doesn’t grow back. This means the dentine underneath becomes more exposed over time.

Early signs you might notice

• Teeth looking slightly more yellow (as dentine shows through).
• Increased sensitivity to cold drinks.
• Edges of teeth appearing more transparent.

Common lifestyle factors affecting enamel wear

• Acidic diets (fruit juices, fizzy drinks, citrus foods).
• Sports and energy drinks.
• Acid reflux or frequent heartburn.
• Brushing too hard.
• Using a toothbrush that’s too firm.

Enamel erosion tends to happen gradually. Acid softens the surface, and brushing or daily wear removes small amounts over time.

Dentists can diagnose enamel loss. They examine the tooth surface and check for thinning. They’ll ask about diets and habits.

Gum recession

Your gums help protect the roots of your teeth. Unlike enamel, the root surface doesn’t have a strong protective layer. If gums start to pull away (a condition called gum recession), the exposed roots can become sensitive to temperature and touch.

Common causes:

• Gum disease (one of the main reasons).
• Brushing too aggressively or with the wrong technique.
• Natural ageing, where gums slowly recede over time.

Once roots are exposed, even mild temperature changes can trigger discomfort.

Teeth grinding (bruxism)

Grinding or clenching your teeth is common, especially at night. Doing it can wear your enamel down. Over time, this makes your teeth more vulnerable to sensitivity and damage.

Signs you might not link to grinding

• Jaw ache, especially in the morning.
• Tension headaches.
• Flattened or worn-down teeth.

Stress is a common trigger. Many people grind more during periods of anxiety or poor sleep. Night guards are often recommended. They act as a barrier and protect the teeth from further wear and reducing pressure on the enamel.

Dental issues

Cracks, chips, tooth decay, and worn or leaking fillings – These are all known causes of sensitive teeth. This is because these issues can expose the inner part of the tooth. This can cause pain and discomfort, and these problems often require dental treatment to fix.

Cracks are not always visible. Dentists may use special lights, dyes or bite tests to detect them. Worn fillings create small gaps, which means bacteria enter. It exposes the inner part of the tooth and leads to sensitivity.

If sensitivity becomes persistent or more intense, it can mean there’s an infection there inside the tooth. In these cases, treatment is usually needed to resolve this problem.

Recent Dental Treatment

Some treatments can temporarily increase sensitivity. Teeth whitening, fillings or even professional cleanings can temporarily make teeth feel more sensitive.

Whitening products in particular open up the dentine tubules slightly to remove stains. This makes it easier for sensations to reach the nerve, which is why sensitivity is common for a short time afterwards. It usually settles after a few days. If it doesn’t, it’s worth checking with your dentist.

When should I worry about sensitive teeth?

Mild sensitivity that comes and goes is common. But some symptoms are worth getting checked.

Speak to your dentist if you notice:

• Sensitivity lasting more than a few days.
• Pain that lingers after hot or cold foods.
• Sensitivity in one specific tooth.
• Swelling, bleeding gums or signs of infection.

These can point to a deeper issue that needs treatment rather than simple sensitivity.

Sensitive teeth treatment with Ringway Dental

There are several ways to manage and treat sensitive teeth. The right approach depends on the cause. Ringway Dental offers a range of treatments to help relieve discomfort and protect your smile.

Common treatment options include:

• High-fluoride treatments.
  These help strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity over time.
• Fluoride varnish.
  A protective coating applied to the teeth to reduce sensitivity and protect exposed areas.
• Desensitising agents.
  These are special products that block or seal the dentine tubules. They reduce how easily sensations reach the nerve.
• Professional hygiene appointments.
  These remove plaque and tartar to help improve gum health. This can reduce sensitivity linked to gum recession.
• Night guards.
  These are used for people who grind their teeth. They help prevent further enamel wear.
• Restorative treatment.
  Fillings, repairs or crowns may be needed if there is damage to the tooth.
• Root canal treatment.
  In more severe cases, where the nerve is affected, this may be required to remove pain and infection.

Our team will assess your symptoms and create a tailored plan to get you feeling comfortable again.

READ MORE: How to Care for Sensitive Teeth

Book an appointment today and let us get to the root of your sensitivity, so you can enjoy eating, drinking and smiling without worry.

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